CURS DE ENGLEZĂ – UPPER INTERMEDIATE

PRESENT PERFECT I

I. Structure of present perfect simple

positive:

subject + have/has + 3rd form of the verb

negative:

subject + have/has + not (n’t) + 3rd form of the verb

question:

have/has + subject + 3rd form of the verb?

You

They

have gone.

You

They

haven’t gone.

Have

you

they

gone?

She

has gone.

She

hasn’t gone.

Has

she

gone?

II. Short forms

positive

negative

I’ve

You’ve

We’ve

They’ve

gone.

I’ve

You’ve

We’ve

They’ve

not gone.

He’s

She’s

It’s

gone.

He’s

She’s

It’s

not gone.

III. Contrast between present perfect and past simple

Present perfect

Past simple

1. an action that started in the past but continues in the present

acțiune care a început în trecut dar se continuă în prezent

The craze has snowballed in the UK since 2013.

2. an action in the past that is still relevant now

acțiune din trecută care încă este relevantă acum

Some UK chains have distanced themselves from the event.

3. used with these time phrases: e.g. since 2005, so far, e.g. in the last ten years, already, yet, just, etc.

1. an action that happened in a finished time period

acțiune care s-a petrecut într-o perioadă de timp încheiată

Some unruly scenes unfolded in 2014.

2. used with these time phrase: e.g. ten minutes ago, e.g. in 2010, yesterday, e.g. when I was young, e.g. last night, etc.

Se traduce cu perfectul compus/simplu:

Some UK chains have distanced themselves from it.

Unele lanțuri de magazine s-au distanțat de el.

Se traduce cu prezentul:

She has lived here for years.

Locuiește aici de ani de zile.

Se traduce cu perfectul compus/simplu:

Some unruly scenes unfolded in 2014.

Câteva scene turbulente s-au desfășurat în 2014.

Se traduce cu imperfectul (habitual):

We had picnics in the park in the summer.

Luam picnicuri în parc vara.

IV. Irregular verbs
1st form	2nd form	3rd form	1st form	2nd form	3rd form
be	was/were	been	leave	left	left
beat	beat	beaten	lend	lent	lent
become	became	become	let	let	let
begin	began	begun	*lie*	*lay*	*lain*
*bend*	*bent*	*bent*	*light*	*lit*	*lit*
bite	bit	bitten	lose	lost	lost
*blow*	*blew*	*blown*	make	made	made
break	broke	broken	*mean*	*meant*	*meant*
bring	brought	brought	meet	met	met
build	built	built	pay	paid	paid
*burn*	*burned/burnt*	*burned/burnt*	put	put	put
*burst*	*burst*	*burst*	read	read	read
buy	bought	bought	*ride*	*rode*	*ridden*
catch	caught	caught	*ring*	*rang*	*rung*
choose	chose	chosen	*rise*	*rose*	*risen*
come	came	come	run	ran	run
cost	cost	cost	say	said	said
cut	cut	cut	see	saw	seen
*dig*	*dug*	*dug*	sell	sold	sold
do	did	done	send	sent	sent
draw	drew	drawn	*set*	*set*	*set*
*dream*	*dreamed/dreamt*	*dreamed/dreamt*	*shake*	*shook*	*shaken*
drink	drank	drunk	*shine*	*shone*	*shone*
drive	drove	driven	*shoot*	*shot*	*shot*
eat	ate	eaten	show	showed	shown
fall	fell	fallen	*shut*	*shut*	*shut*
feel	felt	felt	sing	sang	sung
*fight*	*fought*	*fought*	*sink*	*sank*	*sunk*
find	found	found	sit	sat	sat
*flee*	*fled*	*fled*	sleep	slept	slept
fly	flew	flown	*slide*	*slid*	*slid*
forget	forgot	forgotten	smell	smelled/smelt	smelled/smelt
*forgive*	*forgave*	*forgiven*	speak	spoke	spoken
*freeze*	*froze*	*frozen*	spend	spent	spent
get	got	got (AE: gotten)	*spill*	*spilled/spilt*	*spilled/spilt*
give	gave	given	*spoil*	*spoiled/spoilt*	*spoiled/spoilt*
go	went	gone	stand	stood	stood
grow	grew	grown	*steal*	*stole*	*stolen*
*hang*	*hung*	*hanged/hung*	*stick*	*stuck*	*stuck*
have	had	had	swim	swam	swum
hear	heard	heard	take	took	taken
*hide*	*hid*	*hidden*	teach	taught	taught
hit	hit	hit	tear	tore	torn
hold	held	held	tell	told	told
hurt	hurt	hurt	think	thought	thought
keep	kept	kept	throw	threw	thrown
*kneel*	*knelt*	*knelt*	understand	understood	understood
know	knew	known	wake	woke	woken
*lay*	*laid*	*laid*	wear	wore	worn
*lead*	*led*	*led*	win	won	won
learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt	write	wrote	written
V. Common mistakes with present perfect simple
Common mistakes	Correct version	Why?
1. I worked every day this week. 2. Steven has wrote a new book. 3. Did you have seen him before? 4. I didn’t have seen him before. 5. I am here since last week.	1. I have worked every day this week. 2. Steven has written a new book. 3. Have you seen him before? 4. I haven’t seen him before. 5. I have been here since last week.	1. We use the present perfect (have worked) when we speak about an unfinished time period (this week, this year, etc). Folosim present perfect (have worked) când vorbim despre o perioadă de timp neîncheiată (this week, this year, etc). 2. We use the past participle of the verb – written is the past participle, wrote is the past simple. Folosim participial trecut al verbului – written este participiul trecut, wrote este past simple. 3. The helping verb have is used in the present perfect and it is inverted with the person (you have becomes have you). Verbul auxiliar have este folosit la present perfect și este inversat cu subiectul (you have devine have you). 4. The helping verb have is used in the present perfect – to make it negative we simply add not (n’t). Verbul auxiliary have este folosit la present perfect – ca să-l facem negativ doar adăugăm not (n’t). 5. The present perfect is used to show an action which continues to the present (an unfinished action). Present perfect este folosit să arate o acțiune care se continuă până în prezent (o acțiune neîncheiată).

PRESENT PERFECT I

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